|
The ''Diccionario de la lengua española'', also known as the ''Diccionario de la Real Academia Española'' ''(DRAE)'',〔 ("Diccionario de la lengua española" ) Real Academia Española. Retrieved 10 November 2013.〕 is the authoritative dictionary of the Spanish language. It is produced, edited, and published by the Real Academia Española (RAE – Royal Spanish Academy). The first edition was published in 1780. The twenty-third edition was published in 2014. ==Origin and development == When the RAE was founded in 1713, one of its primary objectives was compiling a Castilian Spanish dictionary. Its first endeavor was the six-volume ''Diccionario de Autoridades'' (Dictionary of Authorities) from 1726 to 1739. Based on that work, an abridged version was published in 1780, the full title of which was the ''Diccionario de la lengua castellana compuesto por la Real Academia Española, reducido á un tomo para su más fácil uso'' (''Dictionary of the Castilian language composed by the Royal Spanish Academy, reduced to one volume for easier use''). According to its prologue, the dictionary was published for general public access to a dictionary during the long time between the publishing of the first and second editions of the exhaustive ''Authorities Dictionary'', thus offering a cheaper reference book; by the time the second edition was published, it had become the principal dictionary, superseding its ancestor; the last edition of the ''Diccionario de Autoridades'' was published in 1793. The fourth edition (1803) introduced and incorporated the digraphs ch (che) and ll (elle) to the Castilian alphabet as separate, discrete letters in alphabetic organization. That incorporation was overturned in 1994 (at the tenth meeting of the ''Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española'') where they were re-ordered in concordance with the Latin alphabet. Also in 1803, the letter "X" was replaced with "J" when its pronunciation was identical to that of the guttural "J", and the circumflex accent (^) was eliminated. The earliest editions were more extensive: they included Latin translations of the entry, in some cases gave usage examples (especially in popular phrases), and summarized the word's etymology; contemporary editions do so concisely. The earliest editions had "X" entries that no longer appear individually. Historically, the decision to add, modify, or delete words from the dictionary has been by the RAE, in consultation with other language authorities (especially in Latin America) when there was an uncertainty. This process continued between 1780 and 1992, but, since the 1992 edition, the RAE and the twenty-one discrete language academies of Latin America collaborate in producing the ''Dictionary of the Spanish Language''. Editions of the DRAE (year, edition): 1780 (1ª) – 1783 (2ª) – 1791 (3ª) – 1803 (4ª) – 1817 (5ª) – 1822 (6ª) – 1832 (7ª)– 1837 (8ª)– 1843 (9ª) – 1852 (10ª) – 1869 (11ª) – 1884 (12ª) – 1899 (13ª) – 1914 (14ª) – 1925 (15ª) – 1936/1939 (16ª) – 1947 (17ª) – 1956 (18ª) – 1970 (19ª) – 1984 (20ª) – 1992 (21ª) – 2001 (22ª) – 2014 (23ª). Image:Dicc_RAE_1780.jpg|Title page of the 1780 edition Image:Dicc_RAE_1780_prólogo_1.jpg|First page of the Prologue to the 1780 edition Image:Dicc_RAE_1780_prólogo_2.jpg|Second page of the Prologue to the 1780 edition Image:Dicc_RAE_1780_académicos.jpg|List of Academicians, as printed in the 1780 edition 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Diccionario de la lengua española」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|